International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||
66 |