International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||
| 2.58 | ||||||||