PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126142 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Tarantian	0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Ionian	0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Villanyian		2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Ruscinian		3.1 *
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene	Ruscinian		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Turolian		5.333
		Tortonian		Turolian		7.246
		Tortonian		Vallesian		8.7
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Astaracian		11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene	Astaracian		13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene	Orleanian		15.98
		Burdigalian		Agenian		20
		Aquitanian		Agenian		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene			61.6
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