International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126152 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | ||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||
Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | ||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||
MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||
MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | ||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||
MN 2 | 20 | |||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | ||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||
66 |