International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||
| 2.58 | |||||
| 4.7 | |||||