PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
											18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
							Monroecreekian				23.1 *
							Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21			Geringian		Kekeamuan		27.82
		Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21					Kekeamuan		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian		MP 16					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian		MP 16		Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Bumbanian	47.8
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Gashatan		56
		Thanetian		MP 6				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian						Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian						To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian						To3/To2/To1			61.6
		Danian						Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
											66