PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126221 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
											2.58
											18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Tertiary †	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
						Monroecreekian					23.1 *
						Geringian					24.7 *
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene		Geringian			Kekeamuan		27.82
		Rupelian		Early Oligocene					Kekeamuan		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian		Late Eocene					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian			Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Late Uintan/Early Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					Bumbanian	47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Gashatan		56
		Thanetian		Late Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1				59.2
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene			To3/To2/To1				60.9
		Danian		Early Paleocene			To3/To2/To1				61.6
		Danian		Early Paleocene			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1				63.8
											66