PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
									21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Landon	Waitakian	Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
					Duntroonian				25.2
					Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3			Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
				Arnold	Runangan				34.6
					Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan	Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2		Bortonian				41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
					Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan	Early Eocene		Bumbanian	47.8
					Mangaorapan				48.9
					Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Teurian	Late Paleocene	Gashatan		56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene			61.6
									66