International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126173 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18.5 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Arikareean | 23.03 | |||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||||
66 |