PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126568 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
							18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Arikareean	Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
		Rupelian	Arikareean	Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan		27.82
			Whitneyan				29.5
			Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean	Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean	Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian	Early Eocene		Bumbanian	47.8
			Wasatchian				50.5
			Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene	Gashatan		56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian	Late Paleocene	Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene			60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian	Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian	Puercan	Early Paleocene			63.8
							66