PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126610 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
									18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
					Monroecreekian				23.1 *
					Geringian				24.7 *
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Geringian		Kekeamuan		27.82
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene				Kekeamuan		29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian		Late Uintan/Early Uintan					41.2
		Lutetian		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				Bumbanian	47.8
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean					50.5
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Gashatan		56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene			To3/To2/To1			61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
									66