International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18.5 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||||
29.5 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||||||
37 | ||||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | |||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||||
66 |