International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | ||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | |||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | |||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | |||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | |||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||
66 |