PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian		Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene	Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Tortonian		Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian		Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene				15.98
				Hemingfordian			16.3
				Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene		Kekeamuan		27.82
				Whitneyan			29.5
				Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Chadronian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene	Duchesnean	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	Duchesnean	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian		Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Bridgerian		Bumbanian	47.8
				Wasatchian			50.5
				Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	Gashatan		56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	Gashatan		56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
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