PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Villanyian	Tertiary †			2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene	Ruscinian				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Turolian				5.333
		Tortonian		Turolian				7.246
		Tortonian		Vallesian				8.7
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Astaracian				11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene	Astaracian				13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene	Orleanian				15.98
		Burdigalian		Agenian				20
		Aquitanian		Agenian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene				Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Gashatan		56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene					61.6
								66