International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126520 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | European Faunal Units | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | |||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | ||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | ||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | |||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
Serravallian | Astaracian | 11.63 | ||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | ||||||||
Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | |||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | |||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
66 |