PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Obsolete Names for ICS Units
										2.58
										18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Tertiary †	23.03
							Monroecreekian			23.1 *
							Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian	Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene		Geringian			27.82
		Rupelian	Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene					37
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian	Early Eocene	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				47.8
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan		Late Paleocene			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		56
		Thanetian	Gashatan		Late Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		56.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		59.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			To3/To2/To1		60.9
		Danian			Early Paleocene			To3/To2/To1		61.6
		Danian			Early Paleocene			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		63.8
										66