International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Arikareean | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | Late Oligocene | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | |
| Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | Early Oligocene | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | ||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | Late Eocene | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||
| Bartonian | MP 16 | Middle Eocene | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | ||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | Early Eocene | Bumbanian | 47.8 | ||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | Late Paleocene | Gashatan | 56 | ||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
| 66 | ||||||||||