International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | North American Land Mammal Ages | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | ||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||
Cudahyan/Sappan | Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
Senecan/Rexroadian | Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | ||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | |||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | |||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | |||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||
66 |