International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||
| 2.58 | |||||||||
| 4.7 | |||||||||