PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian of Germany	Cambrian Epochs	Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Australia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
			Planulata								179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
			Kanense								181.3 *
			Carlottense								182.3 *
			Kunae								183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae								184.2
			Freboldi								185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
		Sinemurian									192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Leine	264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian	358.9
								Middle Famennian	365.3 *
								Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian					Adorf	Late Frasnian	372.2
								Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
								Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Eifelian	Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian					Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian					Siegen	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10								Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian								Iverian	489.5
		Paibian								Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian								Boomerangian	499
		Drumian								Undillan	500.5
		Drumian		Floran						503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian						504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian	Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4			510.8 *
		Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
											538.8