PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian											100.5
			Middle Albian											106.2 *
			Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian											113
		Aptian	Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian											139.8
			Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
			Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian											168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian											168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian											174.7
			Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
			Early Toarcian											182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian	Sevatian											208.5
			Alaunian											213.2 *
			Lacian											216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian											227
		Carnian	Julian											233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian	Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian		242
			Pelsonian		243.8 *
			Bithynian		244.7 *
			Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian		Vokhmian		247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian				251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian				Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
				Dobrotivian				458.5 *
				Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian	489.5
		Paibian									Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian										Boomerangian	499
		Drumian										Undillan	500.5
		Drumian										Floran	503
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Ordian	509
		Stage 4											510.8 *
		Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8