International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCambrian EpochsTen Million Year BinsObsolete Names for ICS UnitsCambrian of Australia
CambrianFurongianStage 10Late CambrianCambrian 5Datsonian485.4
Payntonian486.8 *
JiangshanianIverian489.5
PaibianIdamean494
MiaolingianGuzhangianMiddle CambrianCambrian 4Series 3 †Mindyallan497
Boomerangian499
DrumianUndillan500.5
Floran503
WuliuanCambrian 3Stage 5 †Templetonian504.5
Ordian507.8 *
Series 2Stage 4Early Cambrian509
510.8 *
Stage 3Cambrian 2514
TerreneuvianStage 2521
FortunianCambrian 1529
538.8