PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127391 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Nihewanian				0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Yushean				2.58
		Zanclean		Yushean				3.6
		Zanclean		Baodean				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Tortonian		Tunggurian				11.1
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Tunggurian				11.63
		Langhian		Shanwangian				13.82
		Burdigalian		Shanwangian				15.98
		Burdigalian		Xiejiaan				16.9
		Aquitanian		Xiejiaan				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian	Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian	Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4				Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian	Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2					273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5			Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Khamovnikian		Cantabrian	305 *
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian			307
					Myachkovian	Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Podolskian		Westphalian D	308.9 *
					Podolskian		Westphalian C	309.8
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Vereian	Westphalian B		314.6
				Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian			315.2
				Cheremshanian			316.9 *
				Cheremshanian	Westphalian A		317 *
				Prikamian	Westphalian A		318.6 *
				Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Severokeltmian		Yeadonian	319.9 *
				Severokeltmian		Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian	321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	323.2
				Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian	324 *
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Steshevian		Pendleian	327.4 *
				Tarusian		Pendleian	329 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Venevian	330.9
						Mikhailovian	331.9 *
						Aleksinian	333.7 *
						Tulian	335.8 *
				Livian	Asbian †	Tulian	336.3 *
				Livian	Asbian †	Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian	340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	Ivorian		Kosvian	346.7
						Kizelian	350.7 *
						Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Hastarian		Cherepetian	353.7 *
						Karakubian	354.4 *
						Upinian	356.3 *
						Malevkian	357.6 *
						Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1				410.8
								419.2