PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126637 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
			Planulata							179.3 *
			Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
			Kanense							181.3 *
			Carlottense							182.3 *
			Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian	Kunae			Jurassic 2				184.2
			Freboldi							185.1 *
			Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
				Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
			Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1				192.9
			Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
			Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4		Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Wordian						Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian						Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian						Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5			298.9
		Kasimovian						Dorogomilovian	303.7
								Khamovnikian	304.8
								Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian	307
								Podolskian	308.9 *
								Kashirian	311.4 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian						Melekessian	315.2
							Cheremshanian	316.9 *
							Prikamian	318.6 *
							Severokeltmian	319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
							Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	Zapaltjubian	323.2
							Protvian	324.4 *
							Steshevian	326.8 *
							Tarusian	329 *
		Visean				Carboniferous 2	Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
							Bobrikian	339.9 *
							Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
							Cherepetian	351.9 *
							Karakubian	354.4 *
							Upinian	356.3 *
							Malevkian	357.6 *
							Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1		410.8
										419.2