PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126637 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Nihewanian		0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian	Yushean		2.58
		Piacenzian			Waipipian			3
		Zanclean			Waipipian			3.6
					Opoitian			3.7
					Opoitian	Baodean		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Southland	Waiauan			11.04
						Tunggurian		11.1
		Serravallian						11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian	Shanwangian		13.82
					Clifdenian			15.1
				Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian						15.98
						Xiejiaan		16.9
					Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian			23.03
					Duntroonian			25.2
					Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
				Arnold	Runangan			34.6
					Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian			41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
					Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan			47.8
					Mangaorapan			48.9
					Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian			56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
					Mangaotanean			90.5
					Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan			93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
					Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan			100.5
					Urutawan			103.3
				Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian			Korangan			113
		Aptian						117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian				264.9 *
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian		Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian			307
				Podolskian			308.9 *
				Kashirian			311.4 *
				Vereian			313.8
				Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian			315.2
				Cheremshanian			316.9 *
				Prikamian			318.6 *
				Severokeltmian			319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
				Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian			323.2
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
		Visean		Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian			335.8 *
				Bobrikian			339.9 *
				Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian			346.7
				Kizelian			350.7 *
				Cherepetian			351.9 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
								419.2