PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126637 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
			Tulian		335.8 *
			Bobrikian		339.9 *
			Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
			Kizelian		350.7 *
			Cherepetian		351.9 *
			Karakubian		354.4 *
			Upinian		356.3 *
			Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
						419.2