PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian							100.5
							Middle Albian							106.2 *
							Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian							113
		Aptian					Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian							139.8
							Middle Berriasian							140.6 *
							Early Berriasian							142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian						146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian							152.2 *
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian						157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian							168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian							168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian							174.7
							Middle Toarcian							180.4 *
							Early Toarcian							182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian					Sevatian							208.5
							Alaunian							213.2 *
							Lacian							216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian							227
		Carnian					Julian							233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian	242
			Pelsonian	243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian		264.28
		Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Cincinnatian	Gamachian		443.8
		Katian			Pirgu		Gamachian		445.2
					Pirgu		Richmondian		446 *
					Vormsi		Richmondian		449.6 *
					Vormsi		Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Nabala		Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
					Nabala		Edenian	450.4 *
				Viru	Rakvere		Edenian	450.6 *
					Rakvere	Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	451.1 *
					Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian			Keila			Idavere †		453
					Keila		Turinian			453.7 *
					Haljala					453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Kukruse	Whiterockian			Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
					Uhaku			Aluoja †			457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku						458.4
					Lasnamagi						458.9 *
					Aseri						460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
					Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										467.3
							Rangerian					469.1 *
					Billingen		Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
								Latorp †					470.1 *
					Hunneberg								473.7 *
							Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean						477.7
							Stairsian						480.3 *
					Varangu		Stairsian						481.3 *
					Varangu		Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
			Pakerort		482.2 *							Demingian †
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort									485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
												487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
														538.8