PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																		0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian																		11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																		33.9
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Ypresian																		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																		56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Pliensbachian																		184.2
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																		201.4
		Norian																		208.5
		Carnian																		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																		247.2
		Induan																		251.2
		Induan					Kathwai													251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Kathwai													251.902
																				252.4 *
							Chhidru													252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian					Chhidru													254.14
							Kalabagh													255 *
							Wargal													256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian																		259.51
		Wordian																		264.28
																				265.3 *
			Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
		Artinskian		283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel	298.9
				Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
					Stephanian B	300.9 *
					Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian			Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu		Rawtheyan		Gamachian	445.2
									Rawtheyan		Richmondian	446 *
									Cautleyan			448.9 *
									Pusgillian			449.3 *
							Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
							Vormsi				Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
							Nabala				Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
							Nabala				Edenian				450.4 *
						Viru	Rakvere				Edenian				450.6 *
										Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
									Cheneyan						451.5 *
							Oandu		Cheneyan						452 *
							Oandu		Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian					Keila							Idavere †	453
												Actonian †			453.2 *
											Turinian				453.7 *
							Haljala								453.9
			Marshbrookian †									Woolstonian †			454.2 *
			Longvillian †												455.2 *
							Kukruse								456.4 *
									Aurelucian						456.8 *
										Whiterockian			Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian													457.4 *
			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Uhaku							Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn				Uhaku	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn								458.4
							Lasnamagi									458.9 *
							Aseri									460.4 *
							Aseri	Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								461.3 *
						Oeland	Kunda									462.9 *
							Kunda							Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian															467.3
			Arenig					Fennian									468.4 *
											Rangerian						469.1 *
							Billingen				Rangerian						469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian				Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
														Latorp †				470.1 *
								Whitlandian										471.1 *
							Hunneberg											473.7 *
											Tulean							473.9 *
								Moridunian										474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Ungurian					Tremadoc										Migneintian	477.7
											Stairsian							Migneintian	480.3 *
																		Cressagian	480.8 *
							Varangu												481.3 *
							Varangu				Skullrockian						Demingian †		482 *
					Pakerort		482.2 *
																		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Batyrbaian													485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
				Aksaian													490.7 *
				Sakian													492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian													497
		Guzhangian															499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian													500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian													503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian													504.5
		Wuliuan															505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4															509
				Toyonian													510 *
				Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian													514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian													515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian													521
		Stage 2															525.5
		Fortunian															529
																				538.8