PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ordovician of China			Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Silurian of England	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
									Planulata								179.3 *
											Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
																	180.1
									Kanense								181.3 *
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense								182
									Carlottense								182.3 *
									Kunae								183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae								184.2
									Freboldi								185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi										192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian	Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian		305.9
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Telychian				436.3 *
		Aeronian				438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou						Wufeng †	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian								Wufeng †	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang									Kralodvorian		449.5
													Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian													453
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo									458.4
													Dobrotivian		458.5 *
													Oretanian		459.7 *
								Sarka †								461.7 *
						Hunjiang †		Sarka †				Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian				Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian		Dapingian									Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian									Arenigian			470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Tremadocian								477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				Tremadocian				Lianghekou †				477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
																	538.8