PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan							150
								Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian						Warepan							208.5
								Otamitan							217
								Oretian							221
		Carnian						Oretian							227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian						Etalian							238
		Anisian						Etalian							242
		Anisian						Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian							249
		Induan	251.2					Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian	Leine		Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian			393.3
		Pragian				Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian							Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
		Aeronian							Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †									467.3
		Dapingian									Arenigian	468
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
															538.8