PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Germany	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A								33.9
		Bartonian		MP 16								37.71
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11								41.2
		Ypresian		MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		MP 6	MP 1 - 5							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum				168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
							Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons					180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Meishanian						251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian						253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian						254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Laibinian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Lengwuan						259.51
		Wordian				Kuhfengian						264.28
		Roadian				Kuhfengian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian			283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian			285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian			290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian			393.3
		Pragian				Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †				445.2
		Katian		Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
					Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
				Dobrotivian							458.5 *
				Oretanian							459.7 *
					Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
												538.8