PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites						168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum					168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense					174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons						180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum						182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni						184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi						192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
				Eastonian			Kralodvorian		449 *
				Eastonian			Berounian		449.7 *
				Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian							458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian				Klabava †			467.3
				Yapeenian			Arenigian				468
				Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian							470
				Bendigonian							471.8 *
				Lancefieldian							473.5 *
		Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Warendian			Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
											538.8