PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126679 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene											0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene											0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene											5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene											7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene											11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene											13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene											15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene											33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene											37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene											41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene											56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene											59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian					Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Epizigzagiceras								168.2
		Bajocian						Humphresianum	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense								168.4
		Aalenian					Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta								174.7
									Planulata								179.3 *
											Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
																	180.1
									Kanense								181.3 *
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Kanense								182
									Carlottense								182.3 *
									Kunae								183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Kunae								184.2
									Freboldi								185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
		Sinemurian					Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi										192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
		Hettangian					Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Franziceras/Euphyllites								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
			Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
			Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian				425.6
		Gorstian			Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian			Buildwas	Lockportian						427.4
		Homerian		Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian						428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian						433.4
		Telychian										436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Cowleigh Park									439.3 *
			Medinan			Clinton							440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											Kosovian	443.8
		Katian											Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian											Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice							Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †								458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
													Dobrotivian			458.5 *
													Oretanian			459.7 *
								Sarka †								461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †								467.3
		Dapingian											Arenigian			468
	Early Ordovician	Floian											Arenigian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
																	538.8