PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127126 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			0
		Northgrippian			0.0042
		Greenlandian			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian	Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean	Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian	Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian	Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian	Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian	Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian	100.5
				Middle Albian	106.2 *
				Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian	113
		Aptian		Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
					145