PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			0
		Northgrippian			0.0042
		Greenlandian			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian			0.129
		Calabrian			0.774
		Gelasian			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian		3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian		5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian		7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian		8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian		11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian		13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian		15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian		20
		Aquitanian	Agenian		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			33.9
		Bartonian			37.71
		Lutetian			41.2
		Ypresian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			56
		Selandian			59.2
		Danian			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian	86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian	89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian	100.5
				Middle Albian	106.2 *
				Early Albian	109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian	113
		Aptian		Early Aptian	119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
					145