International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Mesozoic Subages | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||
| Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||
| Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||
| Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||
| Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||
| Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | |||||
| Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||
| Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||
| Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | ||||||
| Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||
| Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||
| Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||
| Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||
| Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||
| Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||
| Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||
| 145 | ||||||||