PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	South American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
						20.9
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Deseadan	Late Oligocene	23.03 *
		Rupelian		Deseadan	Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian		Tinguirirican	Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Tinguirirican	Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian		Divisaderan	Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Lutetian		Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian		Mustersan	Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian		Casamayoran	Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Riochican	Late Paleocene	56
				Itaboraian		56.9 *
				Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian		Tiupampan	Early Paleocene	62.4 *
						66