PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125962 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
								18.5
								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Arikareean	Landon	Waitakian	Late Oligocene	23.03
						Duntroonian		25.2
						Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene	27.82
				Whitneyan				29.5
				Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian			Late Eocene	33.9
					Arnold	Runangan		34.6
						Kaiatan		36.7
				Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	37.71
						Bortonian		39.1
				Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
						Heretaungan		45.7
				Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene	47.8
						Mangaorapan		48.9
				Wasatchian		Mangaorapan		50.5
				Wasatchian		Waipawan		52
				Clarkforkian		Waipawan		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian		Teurian	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian			Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian			Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian			Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian			Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian		Puercan			Early Paleocene	63.8
								66