PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125945 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian	Ruscinian		Late Pliocene	3.1 *
		Zanclean	Ruscinian		Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian		Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian	Turolian			7.246
		Tortonian	Vallesian			8.7
		Serravallian	Astaracian	Cenozoic 5	Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian	Astaracian		Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian	Orleanian		Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian	Agenian			20
		Aquitanian	Agenian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4	Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3	Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2	Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2	Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene	61.6
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