International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 126710 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | ||||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Arikareean | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | MP 16 | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
| Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
| 66 | ||||||||||||