International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126149 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Units | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | North American Land Mammal Ages | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | Nihewanian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Cudahyan/Sappan | Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Senecan/Rexroadian | Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | Yushean | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | |||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||||
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Astaracian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||||
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||||
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||||||
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
66 |