International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126197 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Central Paratethys Stages | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | |||||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||||||
66 |