International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleNeogene Mammal Ages of ChinaEuropean Faunal UnitsMammal Paleogene ZonesCenozoic Subepochs
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayan0
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate PleistoceneNihewanianLate Pleistocene0.0117
ChibanianMiddle Pleistocene0.129
CalabrianEarly Pleistocene0.774
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzianYusheanVillanyianLate Pliocene2.58
Ruscinian3.1 *
ZancleanEarly Pliocene3.6
Baodean4.9
MioceneMessinianTurolianLate Miocene5.333
Tortonian7.246
Vallesian8.7
Tunggurian11.1
SerravallianAstaracianMiddle Miocene11.63
LanghianShanwangian13.82
BurdigalianOrleanianEarly Miocene15.98
Xiejiaan16.9
Agenian20
Aquitanian20.44
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianMP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26MP 25Late Oligocene23.03
RupelianMP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21Early Oligocene27.82
EocenePriabonianMP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17ALate Eocene33.9
BartonianMP 16Middle Eocene37.71
LutetianMP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 1141.2
YpresianMP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7Early Eocene47.8
PaleoceneThanetianMP 6MP 1 - 5Late Paleocene56
SelandianMiddle Paleocene59.2
DanianEarly Paleocene61.6
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