PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126149 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Mammal Paleogene Zones		Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian					Middle Pleistocene	0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian					Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian					Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian					Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean		Waipipian					Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian					Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean					Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan						7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan					Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian						13.82
				Clifdenian						15.1
			Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian					Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Late Oligocene	23.03
				Duntroonian						25.2
				Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan		MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Late Eocene	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan						34.6
				Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		MP 16		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian			MP 16			39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian			MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11			41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan		Bumbanian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Early Eocene	47.8
				Mangaorapan						48.9
				Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Gashatan		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene	61.6
										66