International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126197 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | North American Land Mammal Ages | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.58 | ||||||||||||||||||
18.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
21.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Landon | Waitakian | Tertiary † | Arikareean | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||||||||
Duntroonian | 25.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Whaingaroan | 27.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||||||||
Arnold | Runangan | 34.6 | ||||||||||||||||
Kaiatan | 36.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||||||||||
Bortonian | 39.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Uintan | Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||||||||
Dannevirke | Porangan | 42.6 | ||||||||||||||||
Heretaungan | 45.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Bridgerian | Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | ||||||||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Mangaorapan | 48.9 | |||||||||||||||||
Wasatchian | Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | ||||||||||||||||
Waipawan | 52 | |||||||||||||||||
Clarkforkian | Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Teurian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||||||||
Tiffanian | Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | ||||||||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||||||||
Torrejonian | To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | ||||||||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||||||||
Puercan | Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | ||||||||||||||||
66 |