PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126149 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	North American Mammal Subages/Zones
								2.58
								18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Tertiary †	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		23.03
						Monroecreekian		23.1 *
						Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene			Geringian		27.82
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene					37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene					37.71
		Bartonian			Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian			Late Uintan/Early Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			47.8
					Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene				To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene				To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
								66