PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 125962 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		North American Land Mammal Ages
							18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	Arikareean	23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21		Arikareean	27.82
						Whitneyan	29.5
						Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	MP 16		Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian		MP 16		Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian		MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		Bridgerian	47.8
						Wasatchian	50.5
						Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene	MP 6		Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene			Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene			Puercan	63.8
							66