PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
					18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Arikareean	Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian	Arikareean	Early Oligocene	27.82
			Whitneyan		29.5
			Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean	Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean	Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian	Early Eocene	47.8
			Wasatchian		50.5
			Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian	Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Puercan	Early Paleocene	63.8
					66