PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126585 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		South American Land Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
							20.9
							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Landon	Waitakian	Deseadan	Late Oligocene	23.03 *
				Duntroonian			25.2
				Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian				Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian			Tinguirirican	Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene	33.9
			Arnold	Runangan			34.6
				Runangan	Divisaderan		35.9 *
				Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian					41.2
					Mustersan		41.9 *
			Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
				Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian				Early Eocene	47.8
					Casamayoran		47.9 *
				Mangaorapan			48.9
				Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Riochican	Late Paleocene	56
					Itaboraian		56.9 *
					Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian			Tiupampan	Early Paleocene	62.4 *
							66